哲学家视野中的宇宙图景--雅斯贝尔斯与现代物理学

早期雅斯贝尔斯的现代物理学意识多半闭塞、片面,充满了"新""旧"物理学的无意义的陈词滥调.但是,后期雅斯贝尔斯紧跟时代的步伐,把握了现代物理学革命性发展中的真理内涵,最大限度地容纳了现代物理学理论的广度,为奠定新世界观的基础开辟了广阔的空间.尽管如此,雅斯贝尔斯始终是康德哲学的追随者,对他来说,现代物理学像所有科学一样有其自身的意义和界限.     

EVA接枝共聚物的制备、分析和应用

为解决大庆管输原油含蜡量高、高黏易凝、对包括 EVA在内的多种原油流动改进剂的化学感受性较差的问题 ,进行了 EVA- 1接枝聚合物的研制 ,包括十二烷基马来仲酰胺的制备及其作为接枝组分与 EVA- 1的合成 .利用红外光谱仪对十二胺、马来酸酐及其反应产物进行分析的结果表明 :十二胺与马来酸酐反应生成了十二烷基马来仲酰胺 .利用核磁共振波谱仪对 EVA- 1及其接枝产物进行分析的结果表明 :EVA- 1与十二烷基马来仲酰胺的接枝反应确实存在 ,接枝率可以达到 1 8.8% .对 EVA- 1及其接枝产物对大庆原油的降凝、降黏效果进行对比的结果表明 ,EVA- 1接枝产物对大庆原油的处理效果好于 EVA- 1 ,从而为新型高效降凝剂的研制提供了新的思路     

新型连续装载机工作机构的图解设计法

本文介绍了新型连续装载机工作机构图解设计的一般规律,对某些技术参数的确定作了初步探讨。     

基于集群的轻量可扩展TCP容错方法

针对现有TCP容错方案在高可用性方面的不足，提出了一个新的容错方案——轻量拷贝的传输控制协议ER-TCP.该方案采用日志管理配合主动复制的方法，可降低通信转发结点的负载；采用高效的同步算法可以减轻多个备份服务器的同步对通信造成的性能损失．与其他TCP容错方案进行性能测试的结果比较表明，ER-TCP对通信造成的性能损失小，在多个备份服务器的情况下ER-TCP仍可保持较高的通信效率．     

Ruin Probability with Variable Premium Rate and Disturbed by Diffusion in a Markovian Environment

We consider a risk model with a premium rate which varies with the level of free reserves. In this model, the occurrence of claims is described by a Cox process with Markov intensity process, and the influence of stochastic factors is considered by adding a diffusion process. The integro-differential equation for the ruin probability is derived by a infinitesimal method.     

填埋场淋滤液水位对边坡防渗膜拉应力的影响

上、下界面的不平衡摩擦力将导致填埋场边坡上的土工防渗膜承受拉应力．垃圾填埋体内淋滤液水位的高低将对防渗膜上、下界面摩擦力的大小产生影响，进而影响防渗膜承受的拉应力，文中利用作者推导的一种确定防渗膜拉应力大小的新方法对其进行了计算．对某填埋场实例的计算结果表明，淋滤液水位的存在将改善防渗膜的工作性态．     

用ASP构建万里雅思资讯系统

介绍利用动态ASP技术构建的万里雅思资讯系统功能与特点,以及该系统的主要技术实现.     

Newton's Easy Quadratures ``Omitted for the Sake of Brevity'

In the 1687 Principia, Newton gave a solution to the direct problem (given the orbit and center of force, find the central force) for a conic-section with a focal center of force (answer: a reciprocal square force) and for a spiral orbit with a polar center of force (answer: a reciprocal cube force). He did not, however, give solutions for the two corresponding inverse problems (given the force and center of force, find the orbit). He gave a cryptic solution to the inverse problem of a reciprocal cube force, but offered no solution for the reciprocal square force. Some take this omission as an indication that Newton could not solve the reciprocal square, for, they ask, why else would he not select this important problem? Others claim that ``it is child's play' for him, as evidenced by his 1671 catalogue of quadratures (tables of integrals). The answer to that question is obscured for all who attempt to work through Newton's published solution of the reciprocal cube force because it is done in the synthetic geometric style of the 1687 Principia rather than in the analytic algebraic style that Newton employed until 1671. In response to a request from David Gregory in 1694, however, Newton produced an analytic version of the body of the proof, but one which still had a geometric conclusion. Newton's charge is to find both ``the orbit' and ``the time in orbit.' In the determination of the dependence of the time on orbital position, t(r), Newton evaluated an integral of the form ∫dx/x <sup>n</sup> to calculate a finite algebraic equation for the area swept out as a function of the radius, but he did not write out the analytic expression for time t = t(r), even though he knew that the time t is proportional to that area. In the determination of the orbit, θ (r), Newton obtained an integral of the form ∫dx/√(1−x<sup>2</sup>) for the area that is proportional to the angle θ, an integral he had shown in his 1669 On Analysis by Infinite Equations to be equal to the arcsin(x). Since the solution must therefore contain a transcendental function, he knew that a finite algebraic solution for θ=θ(r) did not exist for ``the orbit' as it had for ``the time in orbit.' In contrast to these two solutions for the inverse cube force, however, it is not possible in the inverse square solution to generate a finite algebraic expression for either ``the orbit' or ``the time in orbit.' In fact, in Lemma 28, Newton offers a demonstration that the area of an ellipse cannot be given by a finite equation. I claim that the limitation of Lemma 28 forces Newton to reject the inverse square force as an example and to choose instead the reciprocal cube force as his example in Proposition 41. (Received August 14, 2002) Published online March 26, 2003 Communicated by G. Smith     

乙酸乙酯分离竹子中木质素制浆造纸研究

用乙酸乙酯浸提竹子制取纸浆，并用造纸行业相关国家标准对纸浆进行了分析。探讨了乙酸乙酯浓度、反应温度、反应时间、原料与溶剂的固液比对纸浆质量的影响。实验结果表明：当乙酸乙酯浓度为60％、反应温度为180℃、反应时间2h、原料-溶剂比为1：6时，制得的纸浆中残余木素含量相对较低、纸浆得率较高。